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The Bank of England has raised interest rates for the first time in more than three years, in response to calls to tackle surging price rises.
The increase to 0.25% from 0.1% followed data this week that showed prices climbing at the fastest pace for 10 years.
It came despite fears the Omicron variant could slow the economy by causing people to spend less.
The Bank's action is set to increase the mortgage costs of some homeowners.
Bank governor Andrew Bailey said it needed to tackle strong inflationary pressures building up in the economy.
Inflation is now running at 5.1%, the highest in a decade, and he expects it to rise further early next year.
"In the short term - that is, in the next two or three months - we think it can get to around 6%," he told the BBC.
A rise in wholesale gas prices is still a big factor driving inflation, and that is continuing to push up domestic energy bills.
But one business group said the interest rate rise would do little to stop prices going up, since costs were being pushed higher by global factors largely outside the Bank's control.
What does this mean for borrowers and savers?
The decision by the Bank of England will add just over £15 to the typical monthly repayment for a tracker mortgage customer.
A standard variable rate mortgage-holder is likely to pay nearly £10 extra a month.
Nearly two million people in the UK have one of these two types of mortgage.
While savers may welcome news of higher rates, analysts warn there is no guarantee the higher Bank rate will lead to better returns on savings.
Even if savings rates increase slightly, returns are still well below the rate of inflation.
Why is this happening now?
The Bank can raise interest rates to help control price rises - but many experts had expected it to hold off because of uncertainty about Omicron.
Yet on Thursday, it said the prices of global assets, such as stocks and bonds, had largely recovered after an initial fall triggered by news of the new variant.
Successive waves of Covid also appeared to have had less impact on economic growth, the Bank added, although there was uncertainty around the extent to which that would prove to be the case this time.
"Consumer price inflation in advanced economies has risen by more than expected," the Bank said.
The Omicron variant could reduce economic activity early next year, said the Bank, although it was unclear how much of an effect it would have on inflation worldwide.
Mr Bailey told the BBC the Bank's rate-setters had thought "long and hard" about the impact of Omicron on economic activity before making their decision.
"But it is not at all clear if the impact [on the economy] could cause inflation to come down, or even go up," he said.
Source: BBC News
